Aczone

Drug uses

1) As part of a multi-drug regimen in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.

2) Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis and other dermatoses.

3) Prophylaxis of malaria in combination with pyrimethamine.

4) Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient subjects, especially AIDS patients.

Overdosage

Symptoms are hypoxia, methaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia.

In severe overdosage the stomach should be emptied by gastric lavage. Administration of activated charcoal by mouth has been shown to enhance the elimination of dapsone and its monoacetyl metabolite. Methaemoglobinaemia has been treated with slow IV injections of methylene blue 1-2mg/kg bodyweight, repeated after one hour if necessary. Methylene blue should not be administered to patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency since it will not be effective. Haemolysis has been treated by infusion of concentrated human red blood cells to replace the damaged cells.

Supportive therapy includes oxygen to alleviate hypoxia, and administration of fluids to maintain renal flow and promote the elimination of dapsone.

Storage

Store below 25°C in a dry place.

Generic Aczone safety information

Warnings

Dapsone should be used with caution in patients with cardiac or pulmonary disease.

It is recommended that regular blood counts be performed during treatment with dapsone. Patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or methaemoglobin reductase, or with haemoglobin M are more susceptible to the haemolytic effects of dapsone.

Dapsone should be used with caution in anaemia. Severe anaemia should be treated before starting Dapsone.

Disclaimer

The information on this page is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Do not use this information to diagnose or treat your problem without consulting your doctor.

Generic Aczone side effects

Dapsone should be discontinued or reduced in dosage if severe lepra reactions affecting the eyes or nerve trunks occur.

Varying degrees of dose-related haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia are the most frequently reported adverse effects of dapsone and occur in most subjects given more than 200mg daily; doses of up to 100mg daily do not cause significant haemolysis but subjects deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are affected by doses above about 50mg daily. Hypoalbuminaemia and haemolytic anaemia has also been reported.

Although agranulocytosis has been reported rarely with dapsone when used alone, reports have been more common when dapsone has been used with other agents in the prophylaxis of malaria.

Rash, photosensitivity and pruritis may develop. Serious cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions occur rarely and include maculopapular rash, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Fixed drug eruptions have occurred.

A "dapsone syndrome" may occur after 3-6 weeks therapy; symptoms include rash, which is always present, fever, and eosinophilia. If dapsone is not stopped immediately, the syndrome may progress to exfoliative dermatitis, hepatitis, albuminuria and psychosis. Deaths have been recorded. Most patients require steroid therapy for several weeks, possibly due to the prolonged elimination time of the drug.

Peripheral neuropathy with motor loss has been reported in patients on dapsone for dermatological conditions. Peripheral neuropathy may occur as part of leprosy reaction states and it is not an indication to discontinue dapsone. Other adverse effects occur infrequently and include anorexia, headache, hepatitis, jaundice, changes in liver function tests, insomnia, nausea, psychosis, tachycardia and vomiting.